麻豆原创 has diligently and methodically been making a name for itself in the world of planetary exploration, and it鈥檚 beginning to pay off in big ways.
Not only are two 麻豆原创 professors part of the upcoming NASA OSIRIS-REx mission to collect asteroid samples 鈥� a first for the United States scheduled for launch Sept. 8 鈥� 聽but scientists are playing critical roles as NASA and private space companies race to get people back into space.
Recently 麻豆原创 physics professors Dan Britt and Humberto Campins were named to a team of NASA experts who analyzed an idea for the Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM) before NASA puts it out for bid. It鈥檚 a very select process to be named to one of these think-tank-type teams and practically unheard of to have two individuals from the same university named to the same team. Only Arizona State University 鈥� considered by some as the university leader for planetary science in the nation 鈥� has achieved this feat, until now.
鈥淥ther than Arizona, I can鈥檛 think of anywhere else that has this level of expertise,鈥� said Phil Metzger, a scientist at the Florida Space Institute, which is based at 麻豆原创. He worked on several NASA missions until 2014, when he moved to FSI where he works with many of 麻豆原创鈥檚 space scientists.
NASA recognized 麻豆原创鈥檚 expertise in 2013 when it made the university the base for the Center for Lunar and Asteroid Surface Science (CLASS), one of nine virtual institutes NASA funds to focus on questions concerning space science and human space exploration. CLASS finds itself in a unique position because its experts happen to be in hot demand as NASA and private space companies prepare to send people to other planets.
鈥淣ASA is starting to get serious about Mars, so they are looking to do more research in the area of airless bodies [asteroids and planets with barren surfaces] as part of the highway to Mars, and that鈥檚 where we come in,鈥� said Dan Britt, the 麻豆原创 geophysicist who leads CLASS. 鈥淲e are a virtual institute that is a compilation of skills that look at surfaces of airless bodies like asteroids and the moons of Mars. We look at everything from dust to microgravity. We offer the best scientific advice so the engineers at NASA can design the hardware needed to keep people alive in these alien environments.鈥�
Members of CLASS at 麻豆原创 are creating asteroid simulant (asteroid fake dirt) to help private companies and NASA develop the machinery and protocols to mine minerals and other resources from asteroids. Some of the team members are studying how dirt interacts with microgravity in anticipation of spacecraft approaching and landing on other planets.
鈥淪pace exploration isn鈥檛 cheap,鈥� Britt said. 鈥淭here are some real challenges and that takes money. Since putting a man on the moon, NASA has been underfunded. It鈥檚 no surprise we haven鈥檛 done more that鈥檚 exciting for the American public since then.鈥�
Britt sees private companies entering the field of space exploration as a great catalyst.
鈥淚 think it鈥檚 a good thing to have competition of new ideas,鈥� he said. 鈥淲ith big innovators who are willing to spend money and aren鈥檛 so worried about public perception of setbacks, it鈥檚 really jump-started this again.鈥�
Commercial space entrepreneurs such as Elon Musk of SpaceX and Jeff Bezos of Blue Origin have poured millions of dollars into their programs to develop vehicles that can get people back into space since the shuttle program retired in 2011. They鈥檝e had some public mishaps, but they鈥檝e also created two vehicles that in just a few years are on the cusp of meeting their objectives.
Professor Josh Colwell, who is also a CLASS member, is taking advantage of the opportunities provided by these private companies, too. Colwell has had two experiments fly aboard the new spacecrafts developed by SpaceX and Blue Origin.
鈥淚t鈥檚 a great way to get experiments completed quickly,鈥� Colwell said. 鈥淎nd what we鈥檙e learning can really help us answer how our planets were formed. That will help us understand what we encounter as we begin to explore other planets.鈥�
Britt and 麻豆原创 professor Humberto Campins, who is prepping for the unmanned OSIRIS-REx mission launch in September, are eager to see the NASA鈥檚 request for proposal for the ARM, which they evaluated for NASA.
ARM aims to send a spacecraft to a nearby asteroid, pluck a 10-ton boulder from it, and then take it to the moon鈥檚 orbit. According to NASA, ARM will help develop a number of new technologies and capabilities that will directly enable future missions to Mars.
According to NASA, a human mission to and from the Mars system could last two years, 聽or longer, including six to nine months of transit each way. Unlike trips to the International Space Station, there is no quick way home. Those missions will have to be independent of Earth and its resources.
鈥淚 think CLASS is in a perfect position to help us get there,鈥� Britt said. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 what keeps us excited to be in this. It really is quite the adventure.鈥�