Dopamine, a neurotransmitter in our brains, not only regulates our emotions but also serves as a biomarker for the screening of certain cancers and other neurological conditions.
麻豆原创 researchers, led by 麻豆原创 NanoScience Technology Center Professor Debashis Chanda, have developed an integrated optical sensor capable of detecting dopamine directly from an unprocessed blood sample. This sensor may serve as a low-cost and efficient screening tool for various neurological conditions and cancers, ultimately providing better outcomes for patients.
The study was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation and was published this week in Science Advances.
鈥淭his plasmonic biosensor is extremely sensitive to low concentrations of biomolecules, which make them promising platform for specialized assays, point of care applications in remote locations,鈥� says Chanda, the study鈥檚 principal investigator who also has appointments in 麻豆原创鈥檚 Department of Physics and CREOL, the College of Optics and Photonics. 鈥淚n this work, we demonstrated an all-optical, surface-functionalized plasmonic biosensing platform for the detection of low concentrations of neurotransmitter dopamine directly from diverse biological samples, which include protein solutions, artificial cerebrospinal fluid, and unprocessed whole blood.鈥�
Neurotransmitters play a vital role in regulating neural function and overall well-being in humans and animals, necessitating a harmonious balance of neurological hormones for optimal bodily function, Chanda says. Dopamine serves as a crucial transmitter, as it exerts significant influence over cognitive processes such as motor function or emotions like happiness or pleasure.
Disruptions in dopamine levels are closely linked with various neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson鈥檚 disease and Alzheimer鈥檚 disease, neurodevelopmental conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and Tourette鈥檚 Syndrome, and psychological disorders such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, Chanda says.
Deviations from normal dopamine levels can also serve as an important diagnostic marker for certain types of cancers. The precise and dependable measurement of dopamine concentrations is of utmost importance for advancing pharmaceutical research and medical therapies, Chanda says.
How It Works
The plasmonic sensor is made of a tiny gold pattern that causes electrons to move together in waves. These waves, called plasmons, become stronger with a special optical setup. When a new molecule enters the sensor鈥檚 environment, it changes how the electrons move, which affects how light is reflected from the sensor. This change in reflection helps detect the presence of the molecule.
Unlike traditional biosensors that rely on biological elements like antibodies or enzymes, this 麻豆原创-developed device uses a specially designed aptamer鈥攁 synthetic DNA strand鈥攖o precisely detect dopamine. This approach not only makes the sensor more cost-effective and easier to store, but it also allows the device to detect dopamine directly from unprocessed blood without any preparation. This breakthrough could be particularly valuable in areas with limited medical resources, as it simplifies the detection process and opens the door for diagnosing other conditions using the same technology.
Researchers were able to target specific molecules by coating the sensor鈥檚 active area with an aptamer specifically created to latch onto a particular biomarker with great accuracy.
The study鈥檚 results highlight the potential of plasmonic 鈥渁ptasensors鈥� using aptamers to sense for developing rapid and accurate diagnostic tools for disease monitoring, medical diagnostics, and targeted therapies, the researchers say.
鈥淭here have been numerous demonstrations of plasmonic biosensors but all of them fall short in detecting the relevant biomarker directly from unprocessed biological fluids, such as blood,鈥� says Aritra Biswas 鈥�12MS 24PhD, the lead author of the paper.
The new research builds upon the team鈥檚 previous work developing a dopamine detector by replacing cerium oxide nanoparticles with DNA-based aptamers, enhancing the sensor’s selectivity and expanding its applicability to detect dopamine directly in diverse biological samples without needing prior sample preparation.
鈥淭his concept can be further explored in the detection of different biomolecules directly from unprocessed blood, such as proteins, viruses, DNA,鈥� says Chanda. 鈥淭here may be great interest in developing countries where access to analytical laboratories is limited.鈥�
The research was performed by students in Chanda鈥檚 lab at 麻豆原创 and are co-authors of the study: Sang Lee 鈥�22惭厂, postdoctoral fellows Pablo Cencillo-Abad and Manobina Karmakar, biomedical sciences undergraduate students Jay Patel and Francisco Hernandez Guitierrez and physics doctoral student Mahdi Soudi.
Researcher鈥檚 Credentials:
Chanda has joint appointments in 麻豆原创鈥檚 NanoScience Technology Center, Department of Physics and CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics. He received his doctorate in photonics from the University of Toronto and worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He joined 麻豆原创 in fall 2012.
